Why Do Many People Misunderstand Hijab and Burka? — Unpacking Misconceptions with Reason & Facts

Why Do Many People Misunderstand Hijab and Burka? — Unpacking Misconceptions with Reason & Facts

It was Tuesday, and I was standing in line for coffee behind two women discussing their friend who'd "suddenly started wearing hijab."

"I'm worried about her," said the first, stirring her oat milk latte. "It feels so... restrictive."

"I know," replied the other. "It's like she's disappeared behind a curtain."

I stood there, holding my own coffee order—a simple black Americano, no sugar, much like my approach to complex topics—and thought about how many times I'd heard versions of this conversation. In elevators, at parties, in comment sections. There's something about seeing a woman cover her hair or face that makes people think they're witnessing a tragedy unfolding in slow motion.

And yet, here's the funny thing: the women they were talking about? She'd posted on Instagram just yesterday about how liberated she felt. How the hijab had become her "personal force field against being judged for her appearance." How she'd never felt more like herself.

We live in interesting times, where concern often speaks louder than the actual experiences of the people we're concerned about.

The Coffee Shop Chronicles: Where Misconceptions Brew

Let's start with the most common misunderstanding—the one that floats around coffee shops and office spaces like the ghost of colonialism past: that hijab and burka are symbols of oppression.

I once watched a well-meaning woman try to "rescue" a hijabi friend from her own clothing choices. "You don't have to wear that here," she'd said, as if the scarf were a cage that could be unlocked with the right combination of Western liberal concern.

The friend smiled—that particular smile Muslim women develop after years of such encounters. "I know," she said gently. "That's why I choose to."

Choice. What a radical concept when applied to women who make different choices than we'd expect.

Historical records show us something fascinating: veiling predates Islam by centuries. Persian, Byzantine, and Indian civilizations all had forms of veiling. Upper-class women in ancient Mesopotamia wore veils as status symbols—the equivalent of carrying a designer handbag today. The difference was accessibility; poor women couldn't afford to veil because they needed to work.

Islam, when it came, democratized the practice and gave it theological meaning. The Qur'anic verses about hijab (24:30-31) focus on modesty for both men and women—telling men to lower their gazes first, before addressing women's clothing. The emphasis is on creating a society where people interact as souls rather than bodies.

But somewhere between seventh-century Arabia and twenty-first-century coffee shops, we lost the plot.

The Patriarchy Paradox

Then there's the patriarchy argument—that hijab and burka are tools invented by men to control women.

I find this particularly ironic because the most passionate defenders of hijab I know are fiercely independent women. Lawyers, engineers, artists, scientists who could dismantle your arguments before you finish your sentence. One of them—a quantum physicist—once told me: "People see my scarf and assume I'm oppressed. Meanwhile, I'm literally studying the fabric of reality."

The reduction of complex religious practices to mere gender politics misses something crucial: agency. The ability of women to interpret their faith for themselves. To find meaning in practices that might look strange from the outside.

In Morocco, I met women who saw the burka not as imprisonment but as privacy. "It's my mobile sanctuary," one told me. "The world gets so loud. This is how I create quiet around myself."

We accept that monks choose robes of poverty and nuns choose habits of service. We understand that Amish women choose capes and aprons as expressions of faith. But when a Muslim woman chooses to cover, suddenly it can't possibly be her choice.

Interesting, isn't it?

The Extremism Fallacy

Perhaps the most dangerous misconception is linking hijab and burka directly to extremism.

This is where we need to separate culture from theology, and individual interpretation from mandated practice. The vast majority of Muslim scholars agree that hijab is obligatory, but there's significant debate about what constitutes proper covering. As for the burka—the full face and body covering—this is largely cultural, prevalent in specific regions like Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan.

The Qur'an mentions covering the chest and dressing modestly. The details? Those have been worked out over centuries across different societies. An Indonesian hijab looks different from a Saudi one, which looks different from a Turkish style. The diversity itself tells a story: this is a living tradition, adapting to time and place.

When we collapse all these distinctions into "Muslim woman clothing," we do exactly what we accuse extremists of doing: reducing complexity to simplicity, nuance to caricature.

I think about my grandmother, who never wore hijab but kept one neatly folded in her drawer "for prayer." I think about my cousin who wears it only during Ramadan. I think about my friend who started in her forties after her children left for college. There are as many journeys to hijab as there are women who wear it.

The Space Between What We See and What Is

There's a gap between observation and understanding that we rarely acknowledge. We see a woman in burka and think we know her story. We see a woman in hijab and assume we understand her relationship with God, with society, with herself.

But the truth is always more complicated, more beautiful, more human.

I remember sitting with a group of hijabi friends, discussing what the scarf meant to them. One said it was her "reminder to be conscious of God." Another called it her "badge of faith." A third, a fashion designer, laughed and said, "Mostly, it's what I wear while changing the world one design at a time."

They weren't victims waiting to be saved. They were architects of their own spiritual lives.

And isn't that what we all want? The space to define ourselves on our own terms?

So the next time you see a woman in hijab or burka, maybe don't see a symbol. See a person. A story. A human being navigating faith and modernity in her own way.

She probably has more in common with you than either of you realize.

FAQ

Do Muslim women have to wear hijab?
Theological obligation? Yes, according to most scholars. Practical reality? It's between her and God. Like most things worth doing.

Isn't it uncomfortable in hot weather?
So are suits and ties. We adapt. Also, lightweight fabrics exist. Muslim women didn't forget about summer.

Why do some women wear niqab/burka?
For the same reason some people climb mountains: because they find meaning in the challenge, because it brings them closer to what they value, because they choose to.

Does hijab mean men can't control themselves?
No more than suggesting women wear seatbelts means cars can't control themselves. It's about personal responsibility in a shared society.

Can women who don't wear hijab still be good Muslims?
Can people who occasionally skip gym still be healthy? Faith isn't a binary switch; it's a spectrum of practice and intention.

Why do Western countries ban burkas?
For the same reason some Muslim countries mandate them: fear of difference disguised as concern for values. The mirror works both ways.

How should I act around women in hijab?
Like they're human beings? Seriously, we don't bite. Unless you take the last doughnut. Then all bets are off.

Hajriah Fajar is a multi-talented Indonesian artist, writer, and content creator. Born in December 1987, she grew up in a village in Bogor Regency, where she developed a deep appreciation for the arts. Her unconventional journey includes working as a professional parking attendant before pursuing higher education. Fajar holds a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science from Nusamandiri University, demonstrating her ability to excel in both creative and technical fields. She is currently working as an IT professional at a private hospital in Jakarta while actively sharing her thoughts, artwork, and experiences on various social media platforms.

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